Marshal Philippe Petain in World War I

Causes, Effects and Solution to Boko-Haram and Kidnapping...

You have for long warned about insecurity from the North. Why do you think the army can’t contain it? As far back as eight to nine years ago, we observed that the institution of the Nigerian army became a target of the intelligentsia behind what we called Boko Haram. They have known that the Nigerian army was the last institution in Nigeria that could practically bind the country. But now, the army seems divided. What I know is that the Nigerian army cannot handle this people because the sophistication with which the sect operates is beyond the training of the Nigerian army. You argue that the issue is not just Islam. What is it? I think the African is the best person to know that term. What the Africans discovered is that people will†¦show more content†¦The point now is that what amnesty are you giving to people whose modus operandi is to infiltrate your government? They will pretend to take amnesty; they’ll never stop in pursuit of their objectives. Do you think we need UN intervention force to tackle the crisis? We can contain this problem by working with other countries without selling Nigerians to foreigners. My emphasis is that there are some countries in the world whose position is that the best way to handle the global problem is to divert it from Afghanistan to Africa. These are thinkers; they may even come to Nigeria and pretend to be helping us. But what they would do is to tackle it in Afghanistan and all the places where all these people are in the entire world and divert the problem to the country of people who are not perceptive. For 25 years, there was no government in Somalia. Chaos everywhere. Does any country of the world care what is going on in Somalia? If they care so much the situation in Somalia would not last for twenty five years. If we are going to work with the United Nations to solve the problem, we will do so with our eyes wide open, knowing that its objective is not to come and turn Nigeria into a battleground. But we want to make sure that Nigeria is a leading country in Africa with attendant stability, peace, freedom to move around in any part of the country, freedom to pick anything you want andShow MoreRelatedA Report On Boko Haram4313 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction Today, terrorism is among the foremost issues troubling the world. Most terrorist groups are the root cause of death and destruction of property worth millions. Mainly, most terrorist groups place their belief in religion, Islam to be more specific. Though the Islamic faith is quick to separate itself from such terrorist groups, it is clear that all trace their roots to their faith. Most terrorist groups were mainly situated in the Arab world, in the Middle East. However, they have evolvedRead MoreBoko Haram : A Islamic Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pages Boko Haram is a militant Islamic group based in northeastern Nigeria, but is also active in northern Cameroon, Chad, and Niger (â€Å"Boko Haram Fast Facts† 1). Their main purpose as an organization is to institute Sharia, which is known as Islamic law (â€Å"Boko Haram Fast Facts† 1). In the local Hausa dialect, one of the largest ethnic groups spoken in West Africa, Boko Haram means â€Å"Western education is fo rbidden† (â€Å"Boko Haram Fast Facts† 1). The group is also referred to as Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awatiRead MoreBoko Haram And The Nigerian Government Of Kidnapping Essay2437 Words   |  10 PagesShekau had been very vocal in accusing the Nigerian government of kidnapping and abducting the wives and children of Boko Haram’s members. This angered Shekau, as he saw the feud to be between Boko Haram and Nigeria to be strictly between themselves. He viewed the abduction of their wives and children as an even more personal attack on his groups and swore to get revenge for â€Å"the rape and deaths of our families.† Even though Boko Haram threatened to kidnap many of the Nigerian government’s familiesRead MoreTerrorism : An Imperative For Economic, Political And Military Solutions1321 Words   |  6 PagesTERRORISM IN AFRICA; an Imperative for Economic, Political and Military Solutions. The bombings of the United States embassies in Tanzania and Kenya were marked indicators that Africa based terrorist groups were increasing threats to the interests of democratic societies in Africa those of all freedom loving societies the world over. Our policy makers have for long treated the Middle East and Asia as the main battlegrounds in the war on terror. Those regions have been joined by Africa inRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Boko Haram Insurgency Essay3548 Words   |  15 PagesTHE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON BOKO-HARAM INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA AUGUST, 2015 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Terrorism is globally becoming a household word as there is no nation that is completely absolved from its effect. Globalization has significantly influenced the spate of terrorism as the event in one part of the globe has direct or an indirect effect on others. This explains why Horne (2002) in Rourke (2008) observes that war, terrorism and other forms of transnational politicalRead MoreImpact Of Terrorism On African Progress2058 Words   |  9 Pagespurpose of this essay we will use regional examples from Nigeria and Somalia to show a variety of situations rather than consider African terrorism as a whole. Additionally we will critically analyse the economic and political implications these policies have had on the regions and suggest recommendations for future action. Nigerian terrorism and Militancy: The first section will discuss the effectiveness of terrorism prevention in Nigeria. Nigeria has been known to be affiliated with numerous terroristRead MoreEffects of the Poliovirus: Poliomyelitis1504 Words   |  6 Pagessystem causing paralysis though infection is over 90% asymptomatic. ïÆ'Ëœ The challenges eradicating polio range from socio-cultural factors to political and economical factors. There are mainly three endemic areas remaining namely: Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan. ïÆ'Ëœ The solution to the challenges would vary from countries and communities with specific issues. But the direct involvement of the population is crucial making the battle more active than passive with less publicity. INTRODUCTION: Polio hadRead MoreYouth Restiveness in Nigeria2293 Words   |  9 Pagestraditional societies become impacted by values changes from more advanced countries. To that effect, various forms of social challenges plague most modern nations these days. Most of these challenges are as a result of economic depression which manifest as unemployment leading to deviant behaviours among the youths. These anti-social behaviours usually become what is termed youth restiveness. Youth restiveness in Nigeria has been a prominent issue in recent times. There has been an increase in the occurrence

Plato’s Forms Free Essays

Eric Morin 103317083 01-26-285 Professor L. Buj Jan 16, 2011 Plato’s Criticism On Deceptive Forms Plato’s critique of art operates on two levels, the ontological and the moral. Both levels are interpreted within disdain taste as Plato proposes that the banishment of art could actually bring fourth a closer connection between humanity and truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Forms or any similar topic only for you Order Now His argument against the existence of art as well as its functioning purposes will be further discussed in this paper. Plato’s ontological view on the existence of art looks deep within the nature as well as its overall properties rather bitterly. Plato’s attack on art does not merely constitute visual art, but rather holds a more expansive scope reaching into literature and especially poetry. For Plato, art is accountable for multiple negative influences, which affect all audiences who try to interpret it. These influences are what Plato believes hinders humanity towards aspiring truth. Art for Plato receives negative attention at the moment of creation. Plato believes that the thoughts processed by the creator and/or artist are far from original and are alternatively imitations of the real world hich are themselves distant from the ideal Forms. These ideal Forms consist of the ultimate paradigms in our universe containing truth and 2 absolute wholeness, thus proposing a problem for Plato. These copies of copies are referred to as mimesis. During the grandeur search of truth, mimesis serves the audience deceit and alarmingly leads them farther from the ideal Forms. As mentioned in the text, â€Å"Because mimesis prese nts us with an inferior copy of a copy, poetry takes its listeners away from rather than toward the ideal Forms† (Leitch 43). The hypocrisy surrounding literature proves to be troublesome for Plato on a multitude of levels. In the search for completeness, art not only fails to provide insight toward truth but rather, is actually lying to you. This mimetic stance held within the nature of art is believed to be nothing more than fabrication. Plato maintains his argument by stating that as the audience is deceptively reeled into a degraded mind state, truth is less obtainable. Introduced in the text, â€Å"Because [Literature] stories are fictional, made up, literature is dangerous; it roduces only lies† (43). Plato not only bashes art on an ontological level, but also finds problems morally. During deception and degradation through imitation within text, Plato analyzes the problems art has within its nature and relates that to the morality of audience. He argues that if art is further removing oneself from the truth, than it cannot be in the best interest of man. Thus, banishment of art would be the on ly way to restore deception and appease humanity. 3 Plato begins by focusing on the dangerous elements of art and its affect on young minds. His argument states, â€Å"Now, do you appreciate that the most important stage of any enterprise is the beginning, especially when something young and sensitive is involved? † (46). In this part of the text, Plato is trying to explain that not only is the young mind fragile enough to easily fall into this created trap of deceit, but also that ruining the quest for truth at a young age brings upon negative consequences for all of humanity. Argued furthermore, â€Å"No young person is to hear stories which suggest that were he to commit the vilest of crimes †¦ he wouldn’t be doing anything out of the rdinary, but would simply be behaving like the first and greatest gods† (47). Here Plato is arguing that the falsehood within stories can fantasize young minds into ultimately developing enhanced personas, which escalates into degradation of truth in reality. Plato further extends his argument on art and morality into the minds of all humans. Since art is of a de ceitful nature according to Plato, it cannot undertone any good found within the text but is instead considered the primary fault within literature. Thus, the deception in which the audience resorts to is ultimately proposed as egative and unneeded. Different from a beneficial spoken lie, Plato states about literature, â€Å"All I’m saying is that no one is happy at being 4 lied to and deceived in his mind about the facts† (51). One of Plato’s biggest moral issues with art explores the depiction of human kind in literature. He believes that in order to truly display characteristics of a character we are not only mending the emotions and feelings to suit the text itself but for our own personal capacity. This sort of mutilation of character not only revives the notion of eception within literature but again bringing treason to our own reality. By distorting the character, we would be digging through created deceit as well as misinterpreting the true meaning of wh at was intended. Plato not only rejects our created distortion, but also feels as though the author creates this misinterpretation in a deceptive way. As Plato addresses, â€Å"What we’d claim, I imagine, is that poets and prose-writers misrepresent people in extremely important ways† (58). A real life example of artwork that could be examined and placed under Plato’s critical thinking rests in Versailles. There, artist Jeff Koons has created a replica of an inflatable lobster that hangs down from the ceiling for all to see. The lobster seems to be created as though it is soft to touch and friendly to the eyes. Already our senses have been deceived. As Plato would primarily analyze the creationist, we find that Jeff 5 Koons has not only produced a copy of a copy, but adds double the mimetic stages. Plato would argue that Jeff’s original thought has come from an ideal Form, followed by his initial drawing, then an addition of computer enhancement, and lastly interpreted and actually reated by fellow minds in his workshop. This notion sets the idea that Jeff is rather far from being the creationist, which is deceptive to audience in itself. Plato’s ontological stance would prove testy and unacceptable, as mimetic deceit is thoroughly prevalent within the whole of this piece. Plato would then examine the piece of art and relate it to morality. As this specific piece hangs do wn appearing soft and inflatable, it as well is deceitful in itself. Made out of metal, the lobster looms above the heads of audiences worldwide. Confusing to our senses, he would isapprove the artworks influence and be especially concerned for child observers. Plato would believe that not only is the nature of this piece deceptive, but our outtake of what we have witnessed would follow suit. In all of this deception, Plato would argue that artwork does indeed lead humanity farther from the truth and most importantly from primary ideal Forms, thus resulting in banishment being the primal response. 6 Works Cited Leitch, Vincent B. , ed. The Norton Anthology of Theory Criticism. New York, NY: Norton, 2010. Print. How to cite Plato’s Forms, Papers

Losing My Passport Essay Example For Students

Losing My Passport Essay Turning the corner, hoping the hostel was where it was supposed to be from the map, my dad and I spotted my mom across the street. With a smile I waved and scampered across the street to her. With a sigh of relief, I went up and hugged her with the feeling of safety that we were in the right place. We walked together into the hostel, and as the door opened, a warm rush of air from the hostel hit my body, almost dropping me to the floor in relief. Walking in, I scanned the lobby and spotted some couches by a fireplace. After a long chilly walk across Paris, that would be my final destination. My mom and dad followed along, and we sat around the fireplace. That was when my mom asked me that long expected question, What happened?   We had been two weeks into our three-week trek across Europe in a group of eleven. The group included my family with my uncle, Roy and Jane Sharp with their grand kids, and two other friends. At the time we were in Cinque Terre, Italy. The next morning we planned to leave by train to Paris. Waking up was pretty hard since we basically had walked the previous day. Every inch my body moved felt like needles piercing my insides. Yet, I got myself up and got ready to go out to the train station. Our whole group was out there on time for the train, and we all had sleepy expressions on our face due to the early start. A few minutes later, I could hear the train coming down the tunnel, and when it got close, a gush of air came swarming out of the tunnel. It almost felt like I was in a hurricane. When the train halted to a stop, we all hopped on and got seated; and off we went. About five minutes in, I checked if I had everything on me, such as my passport. I checked for where my passport would usually be, but it wasnt there. Looking through the rest of my luggage, all I found was the tube of toothpaste I had lost earlier that week. Suddenly I realized I had put my passport under my pillow the night before, though Im not sure why I did. Knowing where it was made me a bit calmer. I told my group about what had happened, and they decided that my dad should go back with me to get my passport. The problem was that we had a reserved train to catch from Milan to Paris, so we knew that we would end up being separated from our group until we got to Paris. At that point, my dad and I took the next train back to Cinque Terre, and the rest of our group went on to Milan. On the way back, all that was going through my head was how stupid I was to leave my passport and how I might be ruining the trip for the whole group. When we got back, I basically ran back to the hostel, hoping it would be where I left it. To my luck it was, and you can imagine the relief that we both had. Yet, the amazing   adventure was not over. Now we had to figure out how to get back to our group in Paris, one way or another. When we got back to the station my dad, as any dad would do, took up the reins in figuring out how to get to Milan. Franticly he went to everybody, finding the ones that spoke English, and asking the best way to get to Paris. He found out that the train workers Paris are on strike. This got me on the edge knowing if we will ever make it to Paris before the day is over. We adapted and decided to head to Milan to get on a different train to Paris, or even better find our group. We luckily found a train going directly to Malian and hopped and prayed for the best of us ahead. .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .postImageUrl , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:hover , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:visited , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:active { border:0!important; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:active , .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14c29c4b4f01aec1a91b690ce51ac9ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kindred Analysis EssayWhen the train pulled into Milan, we jolted awake, and scattered out onto the platform. We headed toward the massive TV screen listing the train schedules, none of them mentioned Paris. Like before, I watched my dad go from one person to another, asking, English?  . At one moment it seemed as if I was watching pinball and as my dad, the ball, bounced around from people to people. Finally he found out that we were at the wrong station and had to take the subway to the correct one. Once we got to the right station, my dad went back to his pinball thing, asking around for answers. To our luck, we found a train going directly to Paris, and at that point we felt satisfied that we going to make it. Once we turned the corner to the platform, we found out that we were totally wrong. The platform was packed with people waiting to get on our train to Paris. With confused faces, we up to a lady and asked about what was going on. She said that because of the strikes in Paris they had to combine three different trains going to Paris into one. To make it worse, she added that only people with reserved tickets are allowed to ride. At that point, we thought we were going to have to sleep at the station over night or hitch a bus ride over to Paris. Again, to our luck she told us that we dont need reserved tickets to be in the bar car. Since we had Eurail Pass, which allows you to ride any train for the amount of time you paid for, we thought we could get away with it. When it was time to get on, she led us in and explained the situation in French to one of the train workers. Thanks to her, we were able to stay on the train for the moment. When the train creaked to a start, we both couldnt believe how far we had made it and all the help we had along the way. We especially had God to thank because we knew that He works through everyone for good, and it was pretty obvious too in our situation. Mom, amazed by our story, told us that we were probably tired and gets some rest to tell the others. We both agreed and stumbled ourselves up the stairs to our rooms. When my dad opened the door I saw the most beautiful thing in the world at the time: the bed. Instantly I threw my pack to the corner of the room and hit the hay. Just before I fell asleep I immediately thought of the famous quote from Forrest Gump: Life is like a box of chocolates  ¦you dont know what youre going to get!

Giant Dreams, Midget Abilities free essay sample

David Seeders writes about his experience taking guitar lessons in Giant Dreams, Midget Ablest after his father decided that he and his younger sisters should start a family music group. However, Sedans has no desire to learn how to play guitar. His desire lies within singing jingles in the voice of Billie Holiday. Seeders desire to sing in the voice of Billie Holiday is probably closely related to his sexual orientation, being gay, and his fathers passion for Jazz music. There Is an Implication of femininity in Seeders desire to mimic Billie Holidays voice. Billie Holiday was an American Jazz singer whose career took off In the sass. Some would find It peculiar as to why any young boy would want to Imitate the voice of one who was generally regarded as one of the greatest female jazz vocalists. Seeders first introduces his homosexuality in the first essay of his book, Me Talk Pretty One Day, when he talks about the boys in his speech therapy class: None of the therapy students were girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Giant Dreams, Midget Abilities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were all boys like me who kept movie star scrapbooks and made their own curtains Baking scones and cupcakes for school Janitors, watchingGulden Light with our mothers, collecting rose petals for use In a fragrant potpourri: anything worth doing turned out to be a girl thing. In order to enjoy ourselves, we learned to be duplicitous. Our stacks of Cosmopolitan were topped with an unread issue of Boys Life or Sports Illustrated (p. 9) Since society usually sees hobbies such as baking and collecting flowers as domestic and thus feminine as opposed to more masculine hobbies such as sports, Seeders kept his hobbles discreet by masking them with hobbles that were more socially acceptable for boys.In Great Dreams, Midget Abilities, Seeders eventually lets go of his fantasy of singing in the voice of Billie Holiday when his guitar teacher, Mr. . Manic, takes offense to his a chapel version of an Oscar Mayer commercial, calling him a screwball and saying he wasnt into that scene (p. 29). Seeders writes, Thats what fantasies are for: they allow you to skip the degradation and head straight to the top. Id done my solo and would now move on to pursue other equally unsuccessful ways of getting attention. Singing In the voice of Billie Holiday seemed to be one of the few waysSeeders thought he could express his feminine side comfortably. Unfortunately for him, being shot down by Manic caused him to dispose of such a dream. Seeders desire to sing like Billie Holiday can also be linked to his fathers passion for jazz music. HIS father loved Jazz music almost to the point of obsessive- compulsiveness, where hed sit down and analyze each note and the timing of the jazz songs playing on his record player, and although Seeders claims to also love jazz, it wasnt enough to convince his father. Because it was the music wed grown up tit, I liked to think that my sisters and I had a genuine appreciation of jazz.We preferred it over the music our friends were listening to, yet nothing we did or said could convince my father of our devotion, (p. 17) writes Seeders. Singing like Billie Holiday might have been a way for Seeders to be closer to his father, or at least allow controversy about homosexuals, Seeders probably wasnt open about his sexuality with his father, thus not feeling close to him. In singing in the style of Billie Holiday, one could assume that it could be appreciated by any lover of Jazz, such as Seeders father.

Environmental and Competitive Analysis of Easyjet Essay Essays

Environmental and Competitive Analysis of Easyjet Essay Essays Environmental and Competitive Analysis of Easyjet Essay Essay Environmental and Competitive Analysis of Easyjet Essay Essay Essay Topic: Easy This study has been written in order to supply an environmental and competitory analysis of the low-priced air hose industry sector from the place of Easyjet. It will give a brief history into Easyjet and the low-priced air hose industry. It will analyze the internal strengths and failings every bit good as the external menaces and chances. Rivals will be analysed through the usage of porters 5 forces theoretical account. Recommendations will be made for EasyJet’s selling schemes for the following three old ages. Corporate History Easyjet was founded in 1995 by Stelios Haji-Ioannou who based the house around the low-cost. no-frills theoretical account of the US flight operator ‘Southwest’ . The construct of Easyjet is based on the fact that short flights within Europe are monetary value elastic. intending the lower the monetary values the more people will go within Europe. The deregulating of the European air hose industry in 1992 authorised any European air hose to run. fly and land anyplace within Europe. This allowed air hoses to spread out paths and run within Europe with much higher preciseness. Easyjet was ab initio started from its ‘hanger’ central office at Luton airdrome with two Boeing 737-300’s offering flights from London Luton to Glasgow and Edinburgh at a monetary value of ?29 each manner. To day of the month easyJet has now expanded into offering 125 paths from 39 major European airdromes utilizing their fleet of 122 airplanes. EasyJet has besides expanded into holding big footing at non merely Luton airdrome but besides Liverpool. Geneva. and AmsterdamBack in 1999 easyJet gained free mass exposure to an audience of around 9 million viewing audiences through ITV’s ‘fly on the wall’ documental series ‘Airline’ . The launch of easyjet. com in 1997 has become an built-in portion of the concern theoretical account and has seen a immense alteration in the civilization of booking travel tickets. Presently easyJet. com provides around 90 % of engagements today and in 2001 hit ten million gross revenues doing it the 2nd busiest travel web site in the UK. Ryanair and easyJet are in ferocious competition with each other as they are the two largest low-priced air hoses runing within the UK. Since easyJet’s coup detat of the low-priced air hose â€Å"Go† in 2002 it has become Europe’s largest air hose in this sector but still faces ferocious competition. EasyJet Mission StatementA mission statement should be the ultimate end of a house and should filtrate down into every section of an administration. To supply our clients with safe. good value. point-to-point air services. To consequence and to offer a consistent and dependable merchandise and menus appealing to leisure and concern markets on a scope of European paths. To accomplish this we will develop our people and set up permanent relationships with our providers. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //easyjet. com/EN/About/index. hypertext markup language ) EasyJet’s environmental codification based on three pointsTo be environmentally efficient in the airTo be environmentally efficient on the groundTo lead in determining a greener hereafter for air power. for illustration: C offsetting- defining hereafter aircraft design- for illustration. the ecoJeteasyJet high efficiency = lower emanations = low faresSWOT AnalysisA SWOT analysis analyses the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of easyJet along with the external Threats and Opportunities. StrengthsWell known. respected and memorable trade name nameStrong and good known leading figure in Stelios: â€Å"No Bullshit† approachMotivated work force independently trained at the easyJet academyVery effectual advertisement schemes developed to reenforce the easyJet trade name along with mass exposure through ITV’s ‘Airport’Good cognition of the market and effectual responses to rivals trying to steal possible customersFly to a big figure of chief vacation destinationsLower C emanations due to utilizing newer fleet of aircraftCost decrease with the remotion of travel agentsHigh rider volumeLow runing costsDiversification into other markets. auto lease. cyberspace coffeehouse and hotelsFlat managerial hierarchy. therefore cut downing costsInnovator with respects to online engagement and ticket-less travelWeaknessesFly merely within Europe and no current purposes to spread out outside of the continentRely on computing machine engagements to such extent that concern would be unable to run with computing machine failure or virus onslaught. No client retention/relationship policy. No points strategy to honor frequent flyersAccess to European airdromes allowed by the deregulating of the industry. which may change in the futureOutsources many of its services to 3rd parties which may be damaging to its reputationSuccess of Easyjet makes it hard and expensive to develop staff rapidly plenty. OpportunitiesLower costs furtherIncrease faresIntroduction of more states into the European Union has increased possible clients and flight destinationsExpand into new paths. outside of Europe. and long haulDecrease bend around timesImprove aircraft utilisationVertical integrating to extinguish outsourced maps of easyJet’s procedureGain foremost mover advantage with respects to utilizing alternate ‘greener’ fuel cellsIntroduction of points strategy to honor and retain frequent flyersThreatsRising fuel monetary values Introduction of a C emanation revenue enhancement or other environmental regulationsNew emerging competitionCompetitors underselling monetary values or offering similar monetary values for a more efficient/better serviceAircraft care problemsTerrorism cut downing air travel numbersEmerging alternate manners of transportReputation lost in event of good publicised incidentDelaysPEST AnalysisA PEST analysis analyses the Political. Economic. Socio-Cultural and Technological factor act uponing the low-priced air hose industry. Political FactorsThreat of terrorist act upon airlinesGovernments using revenue enhancements upon C emissionsIntroduction of more states into the European unionEconomic FactorsIncreasing fuel costs and other environmental restrictionsEuropean Union regulationsProspect of higher security and insurance costs due to the increased hazard of terrorist act. Continuing growing of air travel through go oning globalisationIntroduction of the Euro individual currency is likely to incorporate Europe even moreSocio-Cultural FactorsTravel and vacations are going more and more typical for a big per centum of the UK populationContinuing growing of multi-national endeavors has caused concern travel to go more commonGaining clients from France and Germany may do jobs as these states are still really loath in utilizing recognition cards over the phone and on the internetTechnological FactorsAdvancements in e-commerce resulting in increased online competitionImprovements in engine engineering will let easyJet’s planes to run more expeditiously and cut down emissionsIncreases in fuel engineering offering easyJet alternate fuel beginnings Porter’s 5 forces theoretical account Porter’s 5 forces theoretical account looks at: the menace of replacements. the menace of new entrants. the power of providers. the power of purchasers and the competition among bing houses to analyze the fight within a certain industry. The menace of substitutesFairly low menace from other manners of conveyance as the cost and clip advantage clearly separates the low cost air hoses from the luxury and comfort offered from replacements such as high velocity train services. For illustration London to Glasgow takes 6 hours on a train and costs around ?80 whereas Easyjet offers the service in 1 hr merely bing ?29. Regarding travel into mainland Europe the distance is far excessively great for train. auto and ferry travel to be a realistic worthwhile replacement. For illustration if a client was to drive to the South of France for a short weekend break the travel would take excessively long for it to be realistic and practical trip. The menace of new entrantsLimited capacity at suited airdromes means any new air hose would happen it difficult to happen suited take off and set downing slots. Huge start up capital required for the purchase of aircraftNew entrants would be working as a ‘loss leader’ for a figure of old ages due to the big initial expensesThe low cost air hose industry within the UK is reasonably mature but as easyJet were one of the initial houses into this industry they hold a strong place. However within the remainder of Europe there are many vacation operators who are trying to come in the low cost air hose industry themselves. The power of providers The monetary value of fuel is straight related to the cost of oil which is of all time increasing. Easyjet rely on being able to obtain fuel but have no control over the monetary value. Aircraft industries are highly concentrated within the industry with Boeing and Airbus the two chief industries. The dependance of trim parts from a certain industries could present a hazard. The more Easyjet expands the more power it will keep over its providers through deriving ‘economies of scale’ . The power of buyersBuyer power within the air hose industry. particularly the low cost sector is particularly strong as clients frequently shop about and seek to happen the best monetary value. This factor has been extended through the debut of many on-line flight hunt engines such as travelsupermarket. com and lastminute. com. The Civil air power authorization ( CAA ) provides protection against ( 1 ) the effects of travel organizers failure for people who buy bundle vacations. charter flights and discounted scheduled air tickets and ( 2 ) licenses air hoses and ensures conformity with demands of European and UK statute law associating to fiscal resources. liability and insurance of air hoses. Customers experience no negative characteristic of exchanging provider so are happy to make so. Rivalry among bing firmsRyan Air. BMI babe. MyTravelite. Jet2 and Buzz are all rivals with the UK low cost air hose industry but Ryan Air is the lone one of these to hold succeeded and shown a continuously annual net income. British Airways and other traditional flight operators winging from the UK are rivals but on a much lower panic as they are aiming different market segmentsThere are over one hundred European based low cost air hoses. many of them are really little but still move as competition for easyJet. Different Types of competitorsSimilar specific – same merchandise. engineering and mark marketSimilar general – Same merchandise country but functioning different segmentsDifferent specific – Same need satisfied by really different meansDifferent general – Competing for discretional spend ( Brassington. pg 866 ) In relation to Easyjet the similar specific rivals are the other ‘no-frills’ low cost air hoses. runing within Europe. The largest house that fits this specification is Ryan Air therefore they are easyJet’s premier rival. Other ‘no-frills’ low cost air hoses runing within the UK include Jet2. bmibaby and Flybe. The similar general rivals are other air hoses that operate within Europe but which are aiming a different type of patronage. Within the UK the largest operators are British Airways and Virgin but both of these operators tend to concentrate on the more upper category expensive concern flights. They are besides non in direct competition with Easyjet as they offer flights all over the universe and are non restricted to merely within Europe. The different specific rivals are houses which offer travel into Europe by means other than air travel. This would be the channel tunnel operator Euro tunnel and the English channel ferry operators such as P A ; O. Brittany or Stena Line. These are non in direct competition as the chief distinction is that on both the channel tunnel and the ferry traversing people can take their autos onboard. It is besides a much longer procedure so unless sing the west seashore of France weekend interruptions would look instead pointless as the continuance of the ferry would be excessively long. Different general rivals could be houses offering vacations and trips within the UK where no air travel is needed at all. Different general rivals could besides be houses providing other luxury points that may be bought alternatively of a vacation. such as a new auto. Competitor analysisAs the scope of competition throughout these groups ( above ) . is at changing strengths the similar particular and similar general groups will be broken down into four sections for easiness of analysis. Competition will be analysed through a rival analysis. Who are our rivals? Segment 1Ryanair: Easyjet’s direct competitorsSegment 2Other UK based low-cost air hoses: Jet2. flybe. bmibaby. Segment 3Standard UK based air hoses: British Airways. Virgin Atlantic. KLM and BMISegment 4European based low-cost air hoses: There are over 100 European low cost air hoses such as: Condor. g’wings. SkyEurope and Blu Express. AssumptionsIt is inevitable that the uninterrupted growing in the low cost air hose industry will get down to decelerate down as the industry is becomes saturated. It is believed that the current mass of operators will be whittled down to a smattering of major air hoses. A big figure of the smaller low cost air hoses that will inescapably fight to vie will be involved in take-overs leting the bigger participants in the industry to go on to turn. What are our competitor’s strengths and failings? RyanAir StrengthsWell known and respected trade name nameLow costs due to low airdrome chargesHigh cyberspace booking ratioHigh aircraft utilisationUse individual type of aircraftFast bend around timesHigh place densityRyanAir WeaknessesRecent studies of hapless client serviceNegative pressAirports are frequently long distance from travelers end destinationUK based low cost air hose StrengthsAll have their ain web site for engagements and ticket-less travelSome have strong fiscal backingFast turnaround timeLow runing costsUK based low cost air hose WeaknessesRelatively little in comparing to easyJet and RyanAirLarge publicizing costsSmall web of routesCompeting in competitory industry ensuing in many amalgamations and take-oversRestricted to the usage of certain airportsStandard UK based air hoses StrengthsRespected and good known trade name names Worldwide serviceStrong fiscal backingRespected criterion of serviceStandard UK based air hoses WeaknessesLow aircraft use ( compared to easyJet ) High costsHigh pricesEuropean low-priced air hose StrengthsUse of individual currency ( Euro ) can cut down costsCloser to emerging markets ( Eastern Europe ) Low costsWell know trade name names. in their respected place countriesEuropean low-priced air hose WeaknessesRelatively little compared to easyJet and RyanAirVirtually unknown in the UKCompeting in fierce industryRestricted usage of certain airportsWhat are our competitor’s aims? RyanAir – â€Å"RyanAir’s aim is to firmly set up itself as Europe’s taking low-fares scheduled rider air hose through continued betterments and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. RyanAir purposes to offer low menus that generate increased rider traffic while keeping a uninterrupted focal point on cost-containment and operating efficiencies. † ( Ryanair. com ) UK based low cost air hoses – Initially the UK based low cost air hoses aims are to last in the industry by increasing their market portion. The inevitable impregnation of the market will do many of the smaller low cost air hoses to be merged or taken over by the larger participants. In order to avoid this smaller low cost air hoses need to distinguish themselves from the crowd or derive a alone merchandising point through lower costs. first-class client services or working new paths. Standard UK based air hoses – Aim to go on their laterality of flights in and out of the UK by underscoring the quality of the service they provide. They besides plan to cut down monetary values in order to shorten the spread between themselves and the low cost air hoses. European bases low cost air hoses – European low cost air hoses need to last in the market by increasing their market portion. This could be established by increasing their web paths or ramifying into un-targeted states within Europe. It is besides plausible that amalgamations will happen within this sector to cut down the hazard of failure. RecommendationsEasyJet can non avoid the increasing oil and gasoline monetary values which is bound to consequence the industry sooner instead than subsequently. It may be recommended that easyJet start looking into utilizing alternate renewable fuel beginnings. If easyJet can acquire clasp of the engineering to run their fleet of planes on a ‘greener’ fuel they may derive first mover advantage and gaining control big sums of the competitions clients. Over the following three old ages it would be recommended that easyJet focal point on ‘joining the dots’ of their European web instead than trying long haul flights as this would be hard and would transport a big initial hazard. If easyJet could ‘join the dots’ in their European web it would contend off the competition from the emerging low cost air hoses trying to turn within the industry. Decision In decision easyJet have built a strong trade name which has positioned them in an first-class topographic point within the low cost sector of the air hose industry. With this sector of the industry predicted to turn. competition is likely to escalate even more but as easyJet has already built a strong trade name and client base it is improbable they will be forced out of the market. EasyJet need to go on its advertisement schemes. reenforcing its image and trade name name to go on as one of the industries taking air hoses. As the UK market is saturated and offers little or no growing chance. it would be logical for easyJet to concentrate on the enlargement of their path webs within Eastern Europe. EasyJet should carry through this through supplying the paths themselves or unifying with a rival that already does. Reference List Bird’s oculus position. SWOT analysis of low cost bearer industry ( April 2007 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. air-scoop. com/downloads/SWOT_Low-Cost-Carriers_Air-Scoop. pdf [ 7-12-2007 ] Blythe. J ( 2006 ) Principles and Practice of Marketing. Thompson Learning. Bedford Row. LondonBrassington. F. Petit. S. ( 2003 ) Principles of Marketing. page Pearson Education. Harlow. EssexChannel 4 intelligence. How green is easyJet? ( May 2007 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. channel4. com/news/articles/society/environment/factcheck+how+green+is+easyjet/509642 [ 20-11-2007 ] Crawford. C. Easyjet SWOT Analysis ( 2004 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. marketingprofs. com/ea/qst_question. asp? qstID=3412 [ 25-11-2007 ] Hoffmann. J. Ryan Air – Environmental Analysis. Discussion of nucleus competences and Strategy Proposal ( 2004 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. smile. com/en/preview/39017. html [ 25-11-2007 ] Manzoor. M. Easyjet ( 2005 ) hypertext transfer protocol : //www. marketingprofs. com/ea/qst_question. asp? qstID=9339

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This is a media analysis assessment (report format). The assessment topic will be sent by file .pdf - Assignment Example The country produces readily available fresh produce with most of the population residing along areas near or at the coast, such areas posses popular fish and seafood cuisines, in contrast with the other temperate regions of Australia that eat foods according to the season such as rhubarb, zucchini and asparagus commonly eaten during spring. For example Tetsuya restaurant rated as one of Australias best restaurant’s provides a difusion of Asian and western cuisines based on both Japanese and French preparation techniques served in its Japanese garden setting. In addition restaurants like Lagoon Seafood restaurant provide unforgettable seafood dining experienced of fresh sea foods like prawn and Queensland’s crabs. Australia has the third largest fishing zone in the world with plentiful access to seafood’s such as prawn, salmon, lobster and tuna and 60 other species. The Australian cuisine contains seafood varieties such as King George whiting, Jew fish and yabby. Fish and chips consisting of deep fried fish and chips are yet another popular fast food that originated from the United Kingdom and continues to remain popular. On top of seafood cuisines, tourists have the luxury of enjoying aqua marine based sports such as fish sporting of the Barramundi specie and Flathead fish that are popular sports and table fish all over Australia. Australias wine industry ranks as the fourth top global wine exporter contributing 760 million liters’ of wine to the global industry, every state in Australia produces wine mainly in the southern parts of the country like New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. Famous wine districts like Hunter Valley with producers like Rosemount and Lindemans attracting local and international tourists in addition, beer is also popular with prominent brands like Fosters which is commanding global

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Literature Review on Learning - Dissertation Example It has been estimated that around 1 billion people around the world use English everyday (Crystal, 1996). These same individuals would be speaking or writing the language in a wide variety of settings such as the business world or the academe. Such a scenario reinforces the fact that teaching English can be a very daunting task. Prospective teachers must not only deal with the sheer complexity of the language itself but also due to its global nature, the differences in each pupil’s capabilities and learning preferences that are becoming broader. Over the years, various scholars of different nationalities have attempted to formulate their own methods to improve instruction in a native language or to introduce a second language. A careful study and comparison of their works especially the researches on improving English instruction, may aid in the formulation of a successful teaching program.James Asher (1966) was known for his studies which became known as the Total Physical Response experiments. This proceeded with students listening to commands being given in a specific target language, where the whole class including the instructor, would immediately respond by performing the appropriate physical action. When these commands become familiar, the teacher would remain seated and only the students will continue responding to the given commands. Sometimes, a few unfamiliar utterances may also be given. Verbal responses by the students would only be initiated when the students feel they are ready. Many of the grammatical featur es in a language can be introduced through this method with almost any grammatical constituent being able to get taught.

Maritime Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maritime Environmental Issues - Essay Example El Nino is characterized by extended differences on surface temperatures in Pacific Ocean compared to the average temperature value. It is a cooling or warming of at least 0.9 0F or 0.5 0C in average over east central of tropical Pacific Ocean (Philander1990). In general, the anomaly takes place at an interval of between 3 to 7 years regularly and lasts for between nine months and two years. This anomaly is characterized by events such as: rise in pressures in the surface over Australia, Indonesia, and Indian Ocean; a fall in atmospheric pressure over the eastern and central Pacific Ocean and Tahiti; arising warm air near Peru which usually causes rains in the deserts of northern Peruvian; weakening trade winds in Pacific; and spreading warm water from the west Pacific to the east Pacific and Indian Ocean. This causes extensive drought in west Pacific and rain to the eastern Pacific which is normally dry (Hayes 1991). El Nino is often characterized by warm temperatures, this is becau se of its warm rush of the tropical water that is poor in nutrients and is majorly heated by its tendency of eastern passage through the equatorial current where it displaces the cold water on the surface of the Humboldt Current which is rich in nutrients (McPhaden 1993. In cases where El Nino conditions and/ or episodes lasts for quite long, then the reduction in the trade winds in the east and the extensive warming of the ocean limits the nutrient rich cold deep water together with its economic effects to the local fishing for the international market (Lee 2000). These quasi periodic patterns of climate are experienced across tropical Pacific Ocean approximately after every 5 years. The anomaly phenomenon takes place due to the Southern Oscillation which varies the air pressure of the surface water in the western Pacific and the temperatures of water surface in the eastern Pacific Ocean (Brown 1986). It is the extremes of the oscillations that results into the anomalies of the wea ther conditions in many parts of the world. Those developing countries that boarder Pacific Ocean are widely affected. The phenomenon that characterizes El Nino with unusual warm temperatures of the surface of the ocean in the eastern and central tropical Pacific and unusual cool temperatures of the surface water of the ocean in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, results from the strong circulation of the air in the tropics. This oscillation is famous for influencing climate patterns and weather around the globe (Roberts 1993). Observations have been made on the occurrence of the events resulting from La Nina and El Nino. There is a drift towards the cool neutral side in relation to the sub surface and surface of the temperatures of the ocean along side various changes in the circulation of atmosphere (Dietrich 1999). These changes have indicated a drastic movement in the odds of La Nina that forms in the forthcoming period. This has resulted into uncertainty and the need for close monitoring for any particular signs of future developments. Today, El Nino has been characterized by oscillation of the atmosphere system of the ocean in the tropical Pacific which poses very significant consequences on the weather and climate around the globe. These consequences include high rainfall in Peru and the southern tier of the Unites States, drought and destructive flooding in West Pacific, and in some cases associated with distressing bush fires in Australia (Herpes 2001). El Nino results into warmer winters

Role of Research Design in Socio-Legal Research

Role of Research Design in Socio-Legal Research Mr. Satish C. Shinde Introduction Research is an organized, systematic and logical process of inquiry, using empirical information to answer questions or test hypotheses.[i] Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge.[ii] Research is a systematic and chronological effort of finding out a more appropriate solution to a common social problem.[iii] Research helps to push the frontiers of knowledge beyond horizon.[iv] The concept of research is thus closely linked with human endeavor for better understanding of his evolution, environment and growth through diverse stages of human history.[v] In a research, the most important being that the research problem should be researchable as well as manageable.[vi] All research is the collection of evidence or information for ascertaining an assumption or verifying some hypothesis. Research is a systemic attempt to push back the bonds of comprehension and seek beyond the horizons of our knowledge, some truth or some reality.[vii] The research is a critical and ex haustive investigation or experimentation having as its aims the revision of accepted conclusions in the light of newly discovered facts. In simple words, the research is any inquiry or search for fact or truth. Investigation of every kind which is based on original sources of knowledge may be said as research. Research is possible through observation of new facts and by the formulation of new thoughts and ideas.[viii] The aim or research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered so far. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions by testing a hypothesis of a cause-effect relationship between variables through the application of scientific procedures. One of the objectives of research is to gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights to it.[ix] Research has become an integral part, not only of academic pursuits, but of all the areas of human activity.[x] Every field and every educational innovation is bolstered by re search and innovation.[xi] Although research activities are primarily conducted by the government, university, industry or railway, the government is the main body which plans research in a country, finds funds for it and enables utilization of the results for the betterment of society.[xii] Thus, the term ‘Research’ refers to a critical, careful and exhaustive investigation or inquiry or experimentation or examination having as its aim the revision of accepted conclusions, in the light of newly discovered facts.[xiii] The nature and content of research can barely be grasped without an appreciation of the method, we designate as scientific. Research, simply stated, is an endeavour to arrive at answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific methods to the knowable universe.[xiv] Method is the way of doing something methodology is the science or study of particular subject. The concept of the research methodology is much wider. The method a researcher follows in pursuing a research is research methodology.[xv] A system of models, procedures and techniques used to find the results of a research problem is called research methodology.[xvi] Research methodology is a systematised investigation to gain new knowledge about the phenomena or problems. But in its wider sense methodology, includes the philosophy and practice of the whole research process. It provides standards which the researchers use for integrating data and reaching conclusions.[xvii] Legal phenomena re quires their own research methodology. Such research methodology may be applicable to subjects of International or Muncipal laws, evaluation of Acts of different countries, implementation and consequences of Codes and Acts of different nations. The methodology of legal studies involves their own rules, interpretations and criteria for admissible explanations as well as research designs, data collecting techniques and data processing routines. The systematic investigation of problems and of matters concerned with law such as Codes, Acts, Constitutions, etc is legal research. Judges, Lawyers, Law Commissions and Researchers constantly do research in law. They do make systematic research into the social, political and other fact conditions which give rise to the individual rules, acts or codes.[xviii] Research may be pursued to obtain better knowledge and understanding of any problem of law, legal institutions in society, legal doctrines, legal philosophy, legal history, comparative st udy of law, or any system of positive law-International or Muncipal.[xix] Law is an instrument of social control. It originates and functions in a society and for society. In a planned development of the society, law is playing the role of a catalyst to help in the process of social change. Co-operative inter disciplinary research is required to deal with the socio-legal problems as socio-legal research is all interdisciplinary approach which extends into the fields of an social sciences. Upendra Baxi says that, the lawyer must know much of sociology and the sociologist must know much of law.[xx] Major Steps in Legal Research The following are the major steps in doing legal research: Formulation of Problem, Formulation of Hypothesis, Analysis of Concepts, Research Design, Collection of Data, Data Analysis, Conclusions or Generalizations, and Reporting.[xxi] The Role of Research Design in Socio-Legal Research: A research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted. It is the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.[xxii] A research design is a plan comprising the researcher’s decisions about the procedures of sampling, data collection and analysis of data in respect of a given study, which aims to fulfill the objects of the study. The process of working out a research design involves, making designs about the techniques to be employed for collection of relevant data, the safeguards to be employed to safeguard the validity, reliability and precision, the mode of drawing the sample, analyzing the data, interpreting the results. Through designing the research, the investigator achieves his research objective with the economy of amount, time and energy.[xxiii] Meaning of Research Design: Research design means the exact nature of the research work in a systematic manner. It involves the information about the research work in view of, framework of study, availability of various data, observations, analysis, sampling, etc. Research design includes the structure of research work.[xxiv] To design is to plan, that is , designing is the process of making decisions before the situation arises in which the decision has to be carried out. Designing is thus a process of deliberate anticipation directed towards bringing an expected situation under control. The socio-legal research guided either by desire to gain knowledge or by an urgency to solve a problem scientifically, works out a plan of study. While conducting inquiry one may anticipate various difficulties that may have to be encountered in the course of study and decide what to do under such circumstances. He records his decisions in advance. This type of logical and systematic planning to direct the research is called a research design. Research Design has been defined by different authors in different terms. They are as follows: According to Pauline V. Young, Research design is a plan of action, a plan for collecting and analyzing the data in an economic, efficient and relevant manner. According to Miller, Design research is the planned sequence of the entire process involved in conducting a research study. Thus, research design refers to the entire process of planning and carrying out a research study. It is a frame within which research is carried out and it is a blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.[xxv] Objects of Research Design: For a systematic and logical study To remove problems encountered in research To clearly described the direction of research study To discover the solution to the research problem To get funds To rises the reliability of measurements.[xxvi] Idealised or Good Research Design: A good research design eliminates confounding of variables or kept it to a minimum so the results can be interpreted separately.[xxvii] After formulation of research problem, the researcher is in a position to consider how he will work out to solve the problem. The procedure that the researcher would have liked to adopt for solving a problem if he was completely unrestricted by practical exigencies and limitations is the idealized research design. The idealized research design comprises the specifications of the most efficient conceivable conditions and procedures for conducting the research. The step of designing an idealized plan might seem very impracticable and even an unnecessary one. The researcher may be inclined to follow the ideal procedures to evaluate the practical research conditions and determine the shortcomings. An idealized design should maintain a balance between scientificity, sufficiency, and economy. The making of a research design is a science as well as an art.[ xxviii] Parts of Research Design: The researcher has to translate the idealized research model into a practical one. The practical research design may be conceived of as comprising the following four phases: The Sampling Design: which deals with the method of selecting the subjects to be observed for the given study. The Observational Design: which relates to the conditions under which the observations are to be made or the data are to be secured. The Statistical Design: which deals with the question of how many subjects are to be observed and how the observations are to be organized with a view to securing answer to the research problems. The Operational Design: which deals with the specific techniques by which the procedures specified in the sampling, statistical and observational design can be carried out.[xxix] Contents or Important Features of a Research Design: Generally, a research design includes the following points: Title of the topic and determination of its scope; Background knowledge and introduction of the problem; Nature of study descriptive, explanatory or experimental; Description of short-term and long-term objectives; Awareness regarding context; Making of hypothesis and using of appropriate concepts and variables; Appropriate time-schedule for research; Basis of data collection and appropriate tools and techniques; Analysis and interpretation of data collected, along with decision regarding the problem of generality and validity; and Nature and amount of resources at ones disposal.[xxx] Components or Steps or Procedure of a Research Design: A research design is not a highly specific plan to be followed without deviation, but rather a series of guide posts to keep one headed in the right direction. It is tentative. As the study progresses, new aspects, new conditions and new connecting links in the data come to light and it is necessary to change the plan as circumstances demand. The most meaningful and revealing studies are those that are connected from a definite point of view. According to Pauline V. Young , A study design includes the following components parts which are inter-dependent and not mutually exclusive: Source of information i) documentary sources ii) personal sources iii) library sources, Nature of study, Objectives of study, Socio-cultural context of study, Geographical area to be covered by the study, Period of time to be encompassed, (Socio-temporal context) Dimensions of study and sampling procedures, The basis for selecting the data, Definition of terms, Working or exploratory hypothesis, and Techniques of study.[xxxi] Characteristics of a Good Research Design: Every design has its own strengths and limitations and at the same time there is no such thing as a single correct design.[xxxii] A good research design should satisfy the following four conditions: objectivity, reliability, validity and generalizability of the findings. Objectivity: The objectivity of the findings pertains to the methods of collection of data and scoring of the responses. The objectivity of the procedure may be judged by the degree of agreement between the final scores assigned to different individuals by more than one observer. Any research design should permit the use of measuring instruments which are fairly objective in which every observer seeing a performance, arrives at precisely the same report. This ensures the objectivity of the collected data will be used for the analysis, inferences and generalizations. Reliability: Reliability refers to consistency throughout a series of measurement. That is to say, if a respondent gives out a response to a particular item, he is expected to give the same response to that item whenever he is asked subsequently. There are different methods in determining the reliability of the responses given out by a respondent. Some of these methods are using check item, administering the same test repeatedly; using a series of parallel form, etc. Validity: Any measuring instrument is said to be valid when it measures what it purports to measure. There are a good number of procedures for establishing the validity of test. Some of such procedures are validating the present data against a concurrent criterion or a future criterion or a theory, etc. Generalization: Generalizability represents the valid application of the findings of the sample to the population. In other words, with how much authority and confidence, an investigator can say the same findings will be obtained even though the data is collected from the total population from which the sample is selected. A good research design should ensure that (i) the measuring instruments can yield objective reliable and valid data, (ii) the required size of the sample is collected, (iii) the appropriate statistical analysis has been employed, and (iv) the findings of the present study can be generalized. [xxxiii] Significance of or Need for Research Design: Research design is a must for any research problem since it helps to carry out the various research operations very smoothly, thereby making research as efficient as possible by giving maximum information by economizing or minimizing time, energy and cost. Research design stands for advancing planning of the methods to be adopted for collecting the relevant data and the techniques to be used in their analysis; keeping in view of the objective of research and the availability of time, physical and financial resources. Research design helps to know how much inaccuracy his method of research will produce. Then the researcher decides whether the method is suitable to the required accuracy in order to be useful.[xxxiv] Research design tells the investigator what to observe, whom to observe, how to observe, why to observe, how to record the observations, how to analyze the observations? What inferences can be drawn?[xxxv] Thus, research design provides a particular direction to the researc h work.[xxxvi] No researcher can disregard and overlook the significance of research design.[xxxvii] Types of Research Designs: Research design differs depending on the research purpose. The research purpose may be grouped under the following four categories: Exploratory or Formulative studies: To gain familiarity with the phenomena or to achieve new insight into it often to develop hypothesis. Descriptive studies: To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular situation or group of individuals. Diagnostic studies: To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. Experimental studies: To test a hypothesis suggesting a causal relationship between variables.[xxxviii] Conclusion Research is a complex process as well as an important plan. The word Research means to search again and again and it is composed of two words- Re +Search, where Re-means again and again and Search –means to find out something. After deciding and explaining the problem, comes designing. Research design is a systematic way of doing research. It helps the researcher to avid the deviation. Also it helps to minimize time and money and remove any errors and omissions. [i]*Author is an Assistant Professor at A. K. K. New Law Academy, Azam Campus, Camp, Pune Keith F Punch, Developing Effective Research Proposals, Reprint 2000, SAGE Publications, New Delhi-110048, p 7 [ii] C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques, Revised Second Edition, New Age International (p) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi-110002, p 1 [iii] L.N. Koli, Research Methodology, Y K Publishers, Agra-282002, p 1. [iv] Dr. R. Cauvery, Dr. U.K. Sudha Nayak, Dr. M. Girija, Dr. R. Meenakshi, Research Methodology, Reprint 2009, S Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi-110055, p 1 [v] Arunima Kumari, An Introduction to Research Methodology, First Edition 2008, Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur-313002, p 24 [vi] R. Jayaprakash Reddy, Research Methodology, A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi-110002, p 16 [vii] Dr. S.R. Myneni, LEGAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, Reprint 2009, Allahabad Law Agency, Faridabad (Haryana), p 13 [viii] Supra note 7, p 14 [ix] Supra note 7, p 15 [x]Santosh Gupta, Research Methodology and Statistical Techniques, Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi-110027, preface xi. [xi] K.K. Garg, Research Methodology, First Edition 2006, Omega Publications, New Delhi-110002, p 2 [xii] G.R. Basotis, K. K. Sharma, Research Methodology, Edition 2002, Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur-302016, p 1 [xiii] P. Saravanvel, Research Methodology, Reprint Edition 2006, Published by Kitab Mahal, Allahabad-211001, p 1 [xiv] P.L. Bhandarkar, T.S. Wilkinson, Methodology and Techniques of Social Research, Edition 2010, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai-400004, p 1 [xv] Supra note 7, p 15 [xvi] R. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi-110001, p 2 [xvii] Supra note 7, p 15 [xviii] Supra note 7, p 16 [xix] Supra note 7, p 17 [xx] Supra note 7, p 17, 18 [xxi] Supra note 7, p 78-81 [xxii] Supra note 5, p 45 [xxiii] Supra note 7, p 79 [xxiv] V.V. Khanzode, Research Methodology, A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi-110002, p 27 [xxv] Supra note 7, p 99-100 [xxvi] Sanjay Narula, Research Methodology, First Ed. 2007, Murari Lal Sons, New Delhi- 110002, P 92. [xxvii] K. Chakraworthy, Research Methodology, Sumit Enterprises, New Delhi-110002, p 20 [xxviii] Supra note 7, p 100 [xxix] Supra note 7, p 100 [xxx] Supra note 7, p 101, 102 [xxxi] Supra note 7, p 102, 103 [xxxii] Supra note 13, p 161 [xxxiii] Supra note 7, p 106, 107 [xxxiv] Supra note 7, p 107 [xxxv] Supra note 4, p 50 [xxxvi] Supra note 3, p 23 [xxxvii] Dr. J. A. Khan, Research Methodology, A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi-110002, p 69 [xxxviii] Supra note 7, p 107,108

Symbolic Interactionism Essay -- Sociological Perspective Sociology Es

Symbolic Interactionism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the surface, sociology is the study of society and human behavior; yet looking deeper, it is the study of humans in groups and how they interact with one another. Sociologists look at these groups by means of the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When done right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a person’s macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) combine in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imagination I decided to observe the library through the use of symbolic interactionism, one of four sociological perspectives. The others included are the conflict theory, ethno methodology, feminism and structural functionalist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbolic interactionism tends to observe things by paying full attention to the micro level of sociology. Instead of focusing on broader aspects you look at things depending upon the individual and their interactions in society. Through the use of symbols we are able to assign meaning to people and things and then develop our own interpretations of those symbols.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The library, like many symbols signifies silence, thought and work. You would not walk into a library expecting to be served drinks, and to see people dancing on bookshelves. The library evokes an image of peacefulness, in which people are diligently working; yet a closer examination reveals the not so serene value of a library visit. The Saint Michael’s Library is not a mystery; it is like every other library in which I have even been. There are lots of books, computers and places for people to do work. There are round tables, square tables, rectangular tables, titled tables and flat tables. There are cubicles and small individual rooms known as ‘ masturbation closets’. The layout of the library is pretty standard and doesn’t need much explaining. There are three floors. The basement had one small room of books and the rest is study areas. The first floor is a mix of computer labs, books, magazines and more study areas. The third floor is mostly books and of course more places to study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leah and I walked through the... ...ry, it is easy to notice how people need different things, and require alternate ways of studying. You notice people’s emotions and how they react to their surroundings. Some people need silence, some need music, some need space, some need distraction and some people just do it to look good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a sociologist studies behavior their concentration is based upon the interaction the individual itself and how they interact within their surroundings. Through symbolic interactionalism you look at things and what they mean, and then determine the effects they have. There are many hand signs, both good and bad, that people exchange, as well as facial expressions in reaction to an event or statement that a symbolic interactionalist would look at. My observation period in the library allowed me to glimpse into the life of a sociologist. I realized that you could learn a lot about someone by just watching him or her. Their behavior is highly representative of the person they are; yet one cannot assume what specific reactions imply. Through the use of your sociological imagination you are able to gain a deeper understanding of behavior and how behavior is influenced by society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

For all his Byronic

â€Å"For all his Byronic / Gothic excesses, Heathcliff exists and steps out of the confines of fiction†¦easily† (Evans 1982) â€Å"He stands unredeemed never once swerving in his arrow straight course to perdition† (CBronte, 1847) With reference to these and other readings of the character of Heathcliff, explore your own interpretation of this character. In your essay you should: * Consider the role and function of Heathcliff within the novel * Explore the characterisation * Consider the various interpretations of his character by A) Characters within the novel B) Critics * Make a personal response to the character. Teacher's Name: Mrs Gowdy Date: When Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, she received much criticism for the character of Heathcliff. Heathcliff was believed to be the complete opposite to what a Victorian Gentleman should be: â€Å"It is almost definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain† (Cardinal Newman, 1852) Her sister, Charlotte, could not understand why Emily had a character of such evil in her book: â€Å"Whether it is right or advisable to create beings like Heathcliff, I do not know: I scarcely think it is.† (1) Considering Emily's background, it is logical to see why Charlotte might feel like this. Emily was born July 30th 1818 at Thornton, near Bradford, Yorkshire, and was the fifth of six children born to Patrick Bronte and his wife Maria Branwell. When she was two the family moved to Haworth, where Mr Bronte had been appointed the vicar. Except for short periods away as a student and later as a teacher, Haworth would remain her home for all her life. By the time she was seven, Emily had experienced three deaths in her family- her mother and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth. Because of her reclusive life, she therefore might not be expected to know of such people to base the character of Heathcliff on. A suggestion for the way Heathcliff behaved is her brother Branwell, who was an alcoholic and dabbled with drugs: † It would have been impossible for Emily to render Hindley's alcoholic degradation and Heathcliff's ranting misery without the protracted spectacle of Branwell's breakdown before her eyes day in and day out.† (Katherine Frank, 1990) However, Heathcliff is a character who stirs emotions in the reader, and our sympathy returns to him again and again throughout the novel, despite his many violent deeds. But why? Why do we feel pity for a man who is presented as an embodiment of dark powers? We are introduced to Heathcliff right at the opening of the first chapter by Mr. Lockwood, (who ironically could be a type of the Victorian Gentleman,) who is delighted to discover that he is somewhat of a misanthropist like himself: â€Å"Mr. Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us†(2) However, Mr Lockwood soon discovers that Heathcliff is not all that he seems to be. Heathcliff winces at the mention of Thrushcross Grange, when Mr Lockwood inquires about it: † ‘Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir' he interrupted, wincing. ‘I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it – walk in!' † (3) This suggests to the reader that this comment touches on a delicate part of Heathcliff's history, and is something in which he would rather keep secret. Lockwood in chapter two makes a vain attempt to be sociable with the tenants of Wuthering Heights, only to be laughed at by Heathcliff: â€Å"My amiable lady' he interrupted with an almost diabolical sneer on his face† (4) Heathcliff is quite rude to Lockwood, and we can come to the conclusion that he was one who was not brought up with any manners. (This proves to be true later on in the book). Heathcliff clearly shows no sympathy toward him, and wishes for Lockwood to mind his own business. â€Å"Mr Heathcliff may have entirely dissimilar reasons for keeping his hand out of the way when he meets a would-be acquaintance, to those which actuate me† (5) Bronte has chosen to keep this side in the dark, instead choosing to present him as a cold hearted recluse, only at first and then we are quickly shown his passionate side in chapter three. Mr Lockwood's character is naturally inquisitive, and therefore this episode with the landowner only makes Mr. Lockwood more interested in Heathcliff and his background. Catherine's diary shows insight into Heathcliff's past and the way he was treated. â€Å"Hindley is a detestable substitute- his conduct to Heathcliff is atrocious† (6) From this, we can establish that Heathcliff was subject to hostility and was surrounded by harsh treatment. Hindley always saw Heathcliff as a threat to him, especially as he is the ‘outsider' in the family. Nelly reports to Mr. Lockwood: â€Å"He bred bad feeling in the house; and at Mrs. Earnshaw's death†¦ the young master had learned to regard his father as an oppressor rather than a friend, and Heathcliff as a usurper of his parent's affections and his privileges; and he grew bitter with brooding over these injuries.† (7) Hindley, when they were boys, would thrash Heathcliff, and call him names such as † Imp of Satan†. Later on as young men, Hindley degrades him in front of Catherine, as he soon picks up on the fondness between the two, and makes him a servant. Naturally, this treatment he received had an effect on Heathcliff. Being this cold-hearted character is normal to him, having no other example of morals, except in Catherine. He rejects conventional Christian morality at an early age, (no thanks to Joseph whose methods of teaching the young children the Bible in a repressive and forbidding way could be questioned!) and also fails to pick it up as an adult. This rejection of faith could be possibly the reason why he is always referred to in a diabolical way. He has chosen not to be Christian, and therefore the powers of darkness are now ‘controlling' him. Characters such as Mr Earnshaw's comment on the impression of darkness he gives in the novel and of his tyrannical sadistic actions. â€Å"It's as dark as if it came from the devil† (8) It is almost as if he enjoys this evil impression he gives, and he learns he can attack people's weaknesses, such as Hindley and his enjoyment of gambling, which he uses to his advantage to gain ownership of Wuthering Heights. â€Å"You would imagine I was the devil himself- to excite such horror† (9) Heathcliff is such a contrast to what men where like in the Victorian era, which as Cardinal Newman suggests: † Is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him†¦carefully avoids †¦all clashing of opinion, or collision of felling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom or resentment; his great concern being to make everyone at ease and at home.† It wouldn't be surprising that the character was criticised, but Bronte did accomplish a much-debated character. Heathcliff does have emotions, and passionate ones at that, and this spurs him on in life. If Catherine was not at Wuthering Heights at the beginning, Heathcliff would not have stayed very long and bore all the physical and emotional torment he was given. Catherine seemed to keep him there, and when he fled, it was only because she had deserted him for a gentleman. We see how much he truly loves Catherine when Lockwood has his dream: â€Å"He got on to the bed, and wrenched open the lattice, bursting, as he pulled at it, into an uncontrollable passion of tears. ‘Come in! Come in!' he sobbed. ‘Cathy do come. Oh, do- once more! Oh! My hearts darling! Hear me this time, Catherine at last!† (10) Lockwood is startled at this and comments that â€Å"he seemed so powerfully affected† and â€Å"struggled to vanquish an excess of violent emotion†. The desperation in Heathcliff's voice shows us how he grieves for a lost one. We are now shown that he is not so evil as he displays himself to be, but still carries some violent tendencies with him, even though that is not expected when you are grieving. However knowing the love he carries for Catherine and his pain for her deserting him when they were young, we can understand why he reacts this way. The way Bronte uses this language to describe Heathcliff, makes him believable to the reader. Our sympathy lies with him, and Lockwood has now changed his perspective on Heathcliff, as has the reader. Nelly, like the reader, changes her opinion of Heathcliff according to the actions he does. When Nelly first met Heathcliff, she referred to him as ‘it', she did not regard Heathcliff as a person due to his physical appearance. † I had a peep at a dirty ragged child†¦yet when it was set on its feet, it's face looked older than Catherine's† (11) Nelly was a child when Heathcliff arrived, and childishly was jealous, along with Catherine and Hindley of having someone which did not look like them being part of the family. However as they both grow up together both have some kind of respect for each other, though it may be small at some times. Nelly fells sympathy towards Heathcliff during the time of Hindley's harsh treatment, and was genuinely surprised that he seemed so immune to it, as if it didn't affect him. However the reader knows that treatment like that does affect a person emotionally, and this cultivated a great resentment towards his tormentors. â€Å"He seemed a sullen, patient child, hardened, perhaps to ill treatment† (12) Her loyalties were torn between Heathcliff and Hindley, and we see her compassion for Heathcliff when he confides in her about Catherine. We learn that Heathcliff is completely devoted to Catherine. † The nation of envying Catherine was incomprehensible to him but the notion of grieving her he understood completely† So much in fact she helps him clean himself up, due to Heathcliff not caring about her appearance since Cathy left. Nelly is also Heathcliff's confidant. She tells him how Cathy is, and what her feelings are towards him. Nelly clearly understands how deep his love is for Cathy. Catherine plays an enormous part in Heathcliff's life, and his love for her seems to be a redeeming feature. Catherine and Heathcliff become very â€Å"thick† when they are young, as Nelly comments to Mr Lockwood, and this weakness that Heathcliff has, this love for Cathy, is manipulated by Hindley as a means of punishment, and is also the reason in my mind why Heathcliff is so determined to seek revenge. As Pinkmonkey, a literature Internet guide, points out in its character analysis of Heathcliff: â€Å"During adolescence, Heathcliff simply assumes that they will always be together† This assumption proves to be wrong. Edgar Linton proposed to Catherine, and she agreed, because she thought that Heathcliff was in fact, too uncivilised and uneducated to be her husband. Although this may sound selfish to Heathcliff when he eavesdropped on the conversation between Nelly and Cathy, we find out soon that after her own interests, she intends to help him in the future. † It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how much I love him†¦ My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath, a source of little visible delight, but necessary† (13) Cathy uses nature to contrast the two young men, and chooses a tree's foliage for Linton. Foliage can be trimmed and blooms, which is what Cathy is feeling for Linton now, but she knows when the harsh weather and the seasons change, all the foliage will die. She knows that she won't love Linton eternally, and problems facing the two will speed up the process. Heathcliff however is symbolised as rocks and are not affected by the weather. Rocks are wild and jagged, which matches Heathcliff's personality, and when the bad weather comes, the rocks are not affected because they are strong. The last comment she says, † a little visible delight but necessary.† could mean she knows that Heathcliff is not likeable but she needs him, as he provides sturdy foundations for her. Unfortunately for Heathcliff, he never gets to hear this part of the conversation, and flees Wuthering Heights. This moment in Heathcliff's history symbolises his turning point, as a character. He now feels a great sense of loss and betrayal, and Heathcliff never forgives Cathy for what she does, but nevertheless still loves her as passionately as before. When he returns after three years, he finds that she has married Edgar Linton and is now mistress of Thrushcross Grange. His plans at first were to seek revenge on Hindley and merely check up on Cathy to see if she is happy. However his suffering at seeing her again overwhelms him and he starts to torment the others, especially Isabella. Isabella is instantly attracted to Heathcliff, possibly because he has returned with an air of mystery around him, and seems dark and brooding. Linton is unhappy because he knew that his property could possibly fall into Heathcliff's hands if they should marry. Heathcliff at first, has no interest in her whatsoever, and is completely unaware of her affection towards him, until Catherine spitefully makes it known, embarrassing Isabella in the process. Heathcliff has no interest in Isabella, simply because he is still infatuated with Catherine. However the appeal of getting one over on Edgar is too great for him, and starts to woo Isabella. This infuriates Catherine and her husband, but Heathcliff only wanted to affect the latter. It seems that he blames Edgar for not being with Cathy, that if he had never been there as a child, Cathy and he would be together. There is also the possibility that Heathcliff, when he was younger was jealous of the social acceptance that others had. Heathcliff was picked on because he wasn't ‘one of them'- not actually be blood related to the Earnshaws; he was found on the streets of Liverpool. Now he has returned, gentleman in appearance, but still the same emotionally affected person, willing to wreak havoc on the people who mocked him. Isabella was warned about Heathcliff- but she chose to ignore it. She knows that by marrying Heathcliff it will anger Cathy who has a ‘if I don't have him no-one can ‘ attitude, and will gain her revenge for embarrassing her. She truly believes that Heathcliff does love her. Catherine on the other hand knows deep inside that Heathcliff only loves her and cannot understand why he would like Isabella. † Oh, the evil is that I am not jealous, is it? Well, I won't repeat my offer of a wife: it is as bad as offering Satan a lost soul. Your bliss lies, like his, in inflicting misery. You prove it†¦ I begin to be at secure and tranquil; and you, restless to know us at peace, appear resolved on exciting a quarrel. Quarrel with Edgar if you please, Heathcliff, and deceive his sister: you'll hit on exactly the most efficient method of revenging yourself on me.† (14) Heathcliff and Isabella run away together, but not before Heathcliff shows us his sadistic side – † Miss Isabella's Springer, Fanny, (was) suspended to a handkerchief, and nearly at its last gasp† (15) Soon enough, the ‘honeymoon' is over, and Isabella realises just who her husband really is. He is cruel and violent, and Isabella questions Nelly in a letter about her husband: † Is Mr. Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not is he the devil?† (16) Abraham Lincoln once said † If you want to test a man's character, give him power† and this could be said for Heathcliff. Heathcliff gains power of Wuthering Heights by manipulating Hindley. Hindley at this point is an alcoholic and likes to bet. He loses his money through betting and is attracted to Heathcliff's newly found wealth, thinking he could win it. However, in the need Hindley dies deep in debt, and Heathcliff loaned him so much money that now he owns Wuthering Heights. Hindley still detested Heathcliff, even though he allowed him to stay there, and on many occasions as told to Isabella, has tried to kill him. We as the reader, however still think of Heathcliff with sympathy, even though we disapprove of his actions, especially towards Hindley and Isabella. We still remember his treatment as a child from Hindley, and so when he seeks out his revenge, we find it extremely difficult not to wish him success. By gaining this power, he is able now to control the future, by arranging marriages and so on. Catherine before she died, gave birth to young Cathy, and Isabella gave birth to young Linton in London. When she died, Edgar wanted to have custody of the child. However, Heathcliff has seen the possibilities and demands that he should come to live with him. After all, he is the father. Linton is quite the opposite of his father; he is pale, weak and quite spoilt in his ways. When Heathcliff finally meets him, he does not even pretend to love him, he calls his mother a slut, and mistreats him. † I'm jealous of monopolising his affection†¦yes Nell, †¦my son is the prospective owner of this place, and I should not wish him to die till I was certain of being his successor. Besides, he's mine, and I want the triumph of seeing my descendant fairly lord of their estates: my child hiring their children to till their father's lands for wages. That is the sole consideration, which can make me endure the whelp: I despise him for himself, and I hate him for the memories he revives!†(17) Heathcliff arranges meetings between young Cathy and Linton because he knows that if they were married, his son could own Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff then has to find some way to claim it himself, and he was delighted to find out the Linton was in ill health without his interference. Heathcliff used emotional torment on Linton, who has a weak disposition anyway, to make him worse. He forces young Cathy to marry Linton for his benefit, which the young girl is not happy about, especially since her father is dying and Heathcliff won't let her see him. When Cathy shouts at him, through Nelly's words we can see how Heathcliff is affected by Cathy's words: † Heathcliff you are a cruel man, but you're not a fiend; and you won't, from mere malice, destroy irrevocably all my happiness†¦I've given over crying: but I'm going to kneel here, at your knee; and I'll not get up, and I'll not take my eyes from your face till you look back at me! No, don't turn away! Do look! Have you never loved anybody in all your life, uncle? Never? Ah! You must look once.† (18) Heathcliff can see his Catherine in her daughter's eyes, which is heart breaking for him, as he can't even bear to look at her. Heathcliff is not hated by Cathy, which also affects him emotionally. † He shrigged his sholders; shook himself, indeed, as if his flesh crept with aversion;† (19) I do not think he should inflict his revenge on the younger generation, simply because they were not to blame for the pain that Heathcliff bore in the past, especially Hareton, who is Hindley's son. Hindley was brought up badly by his father, who was always drunk and violent to him. Heathcliff wished to bring him up after his father's death. Heathcliff treats Hareton in a way, which reflects the way Hindley treated him, except that Hareton is completely oblivious to the fact that this is happening to him, because he wasn't educated. So, Hareton, who should have been the finest gentleman in the area, is reduced to living at Wuthering Heights as a common, uneducated servant, friendless and without hope, and surprisingly he likes Heathcliff. As Heathcliff comes closer and closer to realising his final revenge, he seems more preoccupied with his memory of Catherine. The horrible image of Heathcliff uncovering her grave just to see her face shows us his depth of passion for her. † I got the sexton to remove the earth off her coffin-lid, and I opened it. I thought, once I would have stayed there: when I saw her face again- it is hers yet- he had hard work to stir me; but he said it would change if the air blew on it, and so I struck one side of the coffin loose, and covered it up: not Linton's side, damn him! I wish he'd been soldered in lead†¦when I'm laid there, and slide mine out too; I'll have it made so: and then, by the time Linton gets to us, he'll not know which is which!† (20) The thought of Edgar and Catherine's bodies decomposing together is too much for him. He states that he wants to be buried next to Catherine, and even punches a hole in her casket and asks that the same would be done to him so that their dust can mingle. Near the time of his death, he becomes more and more isolated from everyone and increasingly obsessed with his dead love, imagining that she is haunting him, and Heathcliff becomes more cheerful, and feels happy that when he dies he will be reunited with Catherine. † I have neither a fear, nor a presentiment, nor a hope of death. Why should I? †¦ It is a long fight; I wish it were over!† (21) It is only at this time he feels reconciled to her spirit that he abandons his cruelty towards Catherine and Hareton. Heathcliff is a truly interesting character and our sympathy lies with him, because we understand why he is so determined to seek his revenge on the people who opposed him in the first place. With regards to the quotations at the start of my essay, Heathcliff is a character who seems vivid. The manner in which he speaks and the emotion that he carries with him throughout the book makes him † step out of the confines of fiction†. We never really hate him for what he does, simply because we know why he does it. He was badly treated when he was younger, and this developed into revenge. Still, our sympathy lies with him. Charlotte Bronte may not have liked his † arrow straight course to perdition† but modern readers who read Wuthering Heights justify why, without prejudice.

Discounts in Mandarin Chinese

Discounts in Mandarin Chinese Everyone loves a discount. The bigger the better. When youre shopping, its always a good idea to keep a  lookout for good deals and discount signs. If youre shopping or bartering in China or Taiwan, make sure to understand how discounts work in Chinese. Otherwise, you might end up paying for a price much higher than you expected! When it comes to Mandarin Chinese discounts, they are expressed the opposite of English. In English, discount signs are labeled as X% off. In Chinese stores, discount signs will tell you the percentage of the original price that you now have to pay.   So don’t get too excited when something is marked 9 折 (jiÇ” zhà ©); that doesnt mean 90% off. It means you can buy it for 90% of its regular price – a 10% discount. The format for discounts is number 折. Western (Arabic) numbers are used instead of Chinese characters. Here are some examples: 7 折qÄ « zhà ©30% off5 折wÇ” zhà ©50% off2.5 折à ¨r diÇŽn wÇ” zhà ©75% off You might be confused as to how 7 refers to 70% rather than 7%, 5 refers to 50% rather than 5%, and so on. This is because 7  Ã¦Å Ëœ means 0.7 times the price. If an item originally costs $100 but has a  7  Ã¦Å Ëœ discount, then the final cost is 0.7 x $100, or $70.   So when looking out for discount signs in Chinese, remember that the smaller the number, the bigger the discount.